Mexican music" redirects here. For "Tex-Mex" music, see Tejano music.
The music of Mexico is diverse and features a wide range of different musical styles. Many traditional Mexican songs are well-known worldwide, although most of the time their origin in Mexico is not so clear to the non-Mexican listener. "Bésame Mucho", "Cucurrucucú Paloma", "Cielito Lindo", "El Rey", "Somos Novios", "Guadalajara", "Cuando Calienta el Sol", "Cachito", "María Bonita" and many more are part of the Mexican culture and famous all over the world.

The best-known Mexican genre by far is ranchera, interpreted by a band of mariachis. Another important music style is the traditional "norteño," or Northern tunes, which has been the basis for the development of more popular genres such as banda music. Not only are these styles popular in many regions of Mexico. Norteño, similar to Tejano music, arose in the 1830s and 40s in the Rio Grande border region of southern Texas. Influenced by Bohemian immigrant miners, its rhythm was derived from the European polka dance popular during the 1800s. Banda, similar to norteño in musical form, originated from the Mexico state of Sinaloa during the 1960s. Other new styles such as cumbia, pop, and rock have seen increased popularity as the music of Mexico infuses a new generation of young people.

Southern Mexican folk music is centered around marimba, which remains popular in Chiapas and Oaxaca. In Yucatán the traditional Jarana music and dance is popular, as well as the Yucatan's most beloved and famous music genre: the trova yucateca (which developed from Caribbean and Mayan roots). Heirs to the Trova tradition are contemporary song-writers, such as world-famous Armando Manzanero, Sergio Esquivel and Aleks Syntek (Alejandro Escajadillo).

Modern Mexican musical styles are also changing Mexican music. Cumbia, pop, hip-hop, and rock, which are heavily influenced by music from the Caribbean islands and the United States, are increasingly becoming popular among Mexican youths.

Mexico's stronghold on the music market in Latin America is long established. The Mexican music market catapults small artists to the United States Spanish-speaking public. Such was the case with Ricky Martin and Shakira, this latter who arrived in Mexico on 1994, released a second al*** there and started a successful career in the United States after that. According to the America Top 100, Mexico had over 90 hits in Latin America during 2006, almost a third more than its closest competitor, the United States.

Contents [hide]
1 Contemporary genres
1.1 Banda
1.1.1 Rumba
1.1.2 Gruperas
1.2 Reggae
1.2.1 Danzon
1.2.2 Duranguense
1.3 Cumbia
1.4 Rock
1.5 Electronic
1.6 Latin alternative
2 Classical music
3 See also
4 References



[edit] Contemporary genres
Today, there are many popular modern Mexican musical genres. Widely popular country music includes norteño, banda, and duranguense bands, which play rancheras, corridos, and sometimes cumbia. Spanish rock, hip-hop, and electronic music are other modern genres popular among Mexicans.

Main article: Norteño (music)
Audio samples of Norteño
Vuelve Gaviota by Dinastia Norteña is a typical example of contemporary Norteño music.
Margarita, Margarita by Candido y su Huella Norteña is typical of contemporary Chihuahuan-style norteño accompanied by a saxophone and accordion duet.
Problems playing the files? See media help.
Norteño (similar to Tex-Mex or Tejano music in the United States) almost always has the accordion and bajo sexto as the lead instruments, with guitars serving as its roots. Before the introduction of accordion, violin was the main instrument. During the late XIX century, Bohemian and Czech migrants to Northern Mexico and the U.S. Southwest brought different styles among them: la redova", la varsoviana and the polka. These styles blended with the local Mexican Son (music) and gave way to modern Northern music. In the late 1910s and 1920s, the corridos entered a golden age when Mexicans on both sides of the border recorded in San Antonio-area hotels, revolutionizing the genre alongside Mexico's political revolution. Later in the century, Ramon Ayala, Cornelio Reyna, Los Invasores de Nuevo Leon and Carlos y Jose commercialized Northern music. Other bands such as Los Tigres del Norte and Los Cadetes de Linares added influences from cumbia, rock music, and other new styles, thus creating a unique new blend in some of their new songs. One lesser known genre of Northern music is the a cappella Canto Cardenche, surviving only in southwestern Coahuila.


[edit] Banda
Main article: Banda music
Audio samples of Banda
Ojitos Soñadores by El Chapo de Sinaloa is a typical example of Banda music.
El Disguto by Julio Preciado is typical of Banda Sinaloense, and here, include an accordion.
Los 20 Viejitos is an example of Tamborazo Zacatecano.
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Banda music was created with a strong Native American influence and the imitation of military bands that were imported during the reign of emperor Maximillian in the 1800s. It was further popularized during the Mexican Revolution when local authorities and states formed their own bands to play in the town squares. Revolutionary leaders such as Pancho Villa, also took wind bands with them wherever they went. Banda has, to this day remained popular throughout the central and northern states. It has however, diversified into different styles due to regions, instruments and modernization. Today people associate banda closer to Sinaloense. This originated in the 1940s when the media distributed Banda el Recodo repertoire as exclusively from Sinaloa when it was actually regional music from all over Mexico.

Although banda music is played by many bands from different parts of Mexico, its original roots are in Sinaloa and Zacatecas, which are hugely famous for bands such as Banda el Recodo from Sinaloa and Banda Jerez from Zacatecas.

Banda Sinaloense experienced international popularity in the 1990s. The most prominent band was Banda el Recodo which is renowned as "the mother of all bands". Unlike Tamborazo Zacatecano, Sinaloense's essential instrument is the tuba. Sometimes an accordion is also included. (sound sample) Well known artists include:

Banda el Recodo
Banda Machos
Banda Maguey
Banda la Costeña
Joan Sebastian
Banda Jerez
Los Elegidos
Jenny Rivera

Audio samples of Tamborazo
Los 20 Viejitos is an example of Tamborazo Zacatecano.
Problems playing the files? See media help.
Tamborazo Zacatecano originated in the state of Zacatecas and translates to Drum-beat from Zacatecas. This banda style is traditionally composed of 2 trumpets, 2 clarinets, a saxophone, a trombone and the essential bass drum. La Marcha De Zacatecas is a perfect example of this type of music.


[edit] Rumba
Rumba came from the black Mexican slaves in Veracruz, Mexico city, and Yucatan, these were originated first from Cuba that later became famous in the black Hispanic community of Mexico like la bamba a song originated from afro-Mexicans from a tribe called bamba, these songs are mostly popular in the south of Mexico.


[edit] Gruperas
Gruperas are the mixed sound of rumba and ranchera music mostly heard in the mid south of Mexico this music contains both rumba rhythms and ranchera rhythms which these are mostly heard at parties,clubs,and Mexican radio.


[edit] Reggae
Mexican Reggae first started in the caribbean sea of Mexico by Jamaican imigrants, after hearing this type of music Mexicans started to invent their own Reggae in spanish and there are many groups of Reggae in Mexico like El cerco, k-L, Ganja, and Bamboo


[edit] Danzon
The European influence on Cuba's later musical development is most influentially represented by danzón, which is an elegant dance that became established in Cuba before being exported to popular acclaim throughout Latin America, especially Mexico. Its roots lay in European social dances like the English country dance, French contredanse and Spanish contradanza. Danzon developed in the 1870s in the region of Matanzas, where African culture remained strong. It had developed in full by 1879 and later was brought to Mexico.



[edit] Duranguense
Audio samples of Duranguense
Piedra (2003). This song is an example of Duranguense music by Patrulla 81.
En las Cantinas by Los Originales de Durango, another typical example of Duranguense music.
Problems playing the files? See media help.
Main article: Duranguense
Duranguense (often called el pasito duranguense) is a type of music which originated in the northern Mexican state of Durango. In the United States, it first became popular in Chicago, which has a large community of immigrants from Durango. It has grown to become a popular genre in the US Latino market. This music is based on both brass and wind instruments and includes the melodica, saxophone, trumpet, flute, and drums. Duranguense bands usually play their songs at a rapid, danceable tempo and tend to rely much more on percussion than Sinaloense does. (sound sample) In the 2000s, música duranguense rapidly gained recognition along with banda sinaloense and norteño as a style of Mexican music. Duranguense bands play mainly rancheras, polkas, and cumbias. Some of the most popular artists include:

Grupo Montez
Diana Reyes
Patrulla 81
K-Paz de la Sierra
Alacranes Musical
La Autoridad de la Sierra
Los Horoscopos de Durango
Conjunto Atardecer
Ponzona Musical
Los Primos de Durango



[edit] Cumbia
Audio samples of Cumbia
Vuelta De Bota y Tambo by Sabor Kolombia is an example of Cumbia in Mexico.[1]2005
Problems playing the files? See media help.
Main article: Mexican cumbia
The 1980s saw Colombian cumbia become even more popular in Mexico than its native land, and it was by far the dominant genre throughout the decade, before banda overtook it in the 1990s. In the early 1970s and 1980s Mexican bands like Rigo Tovar y su Costa Azul topped the charts, and helped, by the end of the decade, El Gran Silencio and Los Kumbia Kings. Top Artist include:

Rigo Tovar y su Costa Azul
Selena
Kumbia Kings
El Gran Silencio
Sabor Kolombia
Los Chicos del Barrio
[edit] Rock
Main article: Mexican rock
In the 60's and 70's, during the PRI government, most rock bands were obligated to appear underground, that was the time after Avándaro (a Woodstock-style Mexican festival) in which groups like El Tri, Enigma, The Dugs Dugs, Javier Batiz and many others arose. In that time Carlos Santana got famous after Woodstock. During the 80's and 90's many Mexican bands went to the surface and popular rock bands like Molotov, Control Machete, Café Tacuba, Los Caifanes, Maná, and Maldita Vecindad got many followers. The latter are "grandfathers" to the Latin ska movement. Mexico City has also a considerable movement of bands playing surf rock inspired in their outfits by local show-sport lucha libre, with Lost Acapulco initiating and leading the movement. Mexico recently has had a "rebirth" of rock music with bands like Moderatto, Allison, Masappan, Panda, Motel, and Nikki Clan which have made this genre popular again.

[edit] Electronic
Electronic music in Mexico is mostly centered around dense urban areas or resorts, like Acapulco, Cancún, Ciudad Juárez, Guadalajara, Mexico City, Monterrey, Puebla and Tijuana. These cities enjoy frequent rave parties and events, but some also contribute to the movement. Electronic music is by far most popular among young people and has been getting stronger in Mexico over the last ten years. It is heavily influenced by American and European disco music.

Several music labels promote this type of music, including Nopalbeat, Abolipop, Advanced Synergy, Soundsister, Involved Records, Discos Konfort, Filtro and Noiselab Collective, Static Discos, and many others.

Nortec Collective, from Tijuana, is perhaps the most internationally known electronic music band from Mexico, but other bands exist, including Sentidos Opuestos, Belanova and Kinky.

See also: :Category:Mexican electronic music
[edit] Latin alternative
An eclectic range of influences is at the heart of Latin Alternative, a music created by young players who have been raised not only on their parents' music but also on rock, hip-hop and electronica. It represents a sonic shift away from regionalism and points to a new global Latin identity.

The name "Latin Alternative" was coined in the late 1990s by record company executives as a way to sell music that was -- literally -- all over the map. It was marketed as an alternative to the slick, highly produced Latin pop that dominated commercial Spanish-language radio, such as Ricky Martin or Shakira.

Artists within the genre, such as Kinky and Cafe Tacuba, have set out to defy traditional expectations of Latin music. Now, in an age of Internet connections, downloading and sampling, Latin Alternative has become not just a reaction to outside influences but its own genre. * Latin Alternavite [Fan Site]

[edit] Classical music
Mexico has a long tradition of classical music, as far back as the 16th century, when it was a Spanish colony. Music of New Spain, especially that of Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla and Hernando Franco, is increasingly recognized as a significant contribution to New World culture.

Puebla was a significant center of music composition in the 17th century, as the city had considerable wealth and for a time was presided over by Bishop Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, who was an enthusiastic patron of music. Composers during this period included Bernardo de Peralta Escudero (mostly active around 1640), and also Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla, who was the most famous composer of the 17th century in Mexico. The construction of the cathedral in Puebla made the composition and performance of polychoral music possible, especially compositions in the Venetian polychoral style. Late in the century, Miguel Matheo de Dallo y Lana set the verse of poet Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz.

In the 18th century, Manuel de Sumaya, maestro de capilla at the cathedral in Mexico City, wrote many cantadas and villancicos, and he was the first Mexican composing an opera, La Partenope (1711). After him, Ignacio Jerusalem, an Italian-born composer, brought some of the latest operatic styles as well as early classical (galant) styles to Mexico. His best-known composition is probably the Matins for the Virgin of Guadalupe (1764). Jerusalem was maestro de capilla at the cathedral in Mexico City after Sumaya, from 1749 until his death in 1769.

In the 19th century the waltzes of Juventino Rosas reached world recognition. In the 20th century, Carlos Chavez, is a composer of note who wrote symphonies, ballets, and a wide catalogue of chamber music, within variated esthetical orientations. Another recognized composer is Silvestre Revueltas who wrote such pieces as "The night of the mayas", "Homenaje a García Lorca", "Sensemayá" based on a poem by Nicolas Guillen, "Janitzio" and "Redes". Manuel M. Ponce is recognized as an important composer for the Spanish classical guitar, responsible for widening the repertorium for this instrument. Jose Pablo Moncayo with compositions such as "Huapango", and Blas Galindo with "Sones de Mariachi", are also recognized as adapters of Mexican sons into symphonic music.

In 1922 Julian Carrillo (violinist, composer, conductor, theoretician and inventor), created the first microtonal system in history of classical music. During subsequent years, he also developed and constructed harps and pianos able to play music in fragments of tone, like fourths, sixths, eighths and sixteenths. His pianos are yet manufactured in Germany, and used to play Carrillo's music, mainly in Europe and Mexico.

Other contemporary Mexican composer was Conlon Nancarrow (of American birth), who created a system to play pianola music, using and developing theories of politempo and polimetrics.

Some avant-garde composers leading Mexican music during the second half of the 20th century were Alicia Urreta, Manuel Enríquez, Mario Lavista and Julio Estrada. Some of them also contributed to the academic development of music teaching in American universities. Among them, Daniel Catan, Carlos Sanchez-Gutierrez, Carlos Sandoval, Ignacio Baca-Lobera, Ricardo Zohn-Muldoon and Samuel Zyman. In the other side of the Athlantic the composers of a new generation, Hilda Paredes and Javier Torres Maldonado also have contributed to the academic and artistic life, teaching in France and Italy.

Hey Mike:

Great Article. It's so good you should just post it in every thread.

Why not let the entire board enjoy them?

When Spanish conquistadores, in other words soldiers, arrived in the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan (the ancient city on which Mexico City was built), they found that the people's diet consisted largely of corn-based dishes with chilis and herbs, usually complemented with beans and tomatoes. The conquistadores eventually combined their imported diet of rice, beef, pork, chicken, wine, garlic and onions with the indigenous foods of pre-Columbian Mexico, including chocolate, maize, tomato, vanilla, avocado, papaya, pineapple, chile pepper, beans, squash, sweet potato, peanut, fish and turkey.

Most of today's Mexican food is based on ancient traditions, such as the Aztecs and Maya, combined with culinary trends introduced by Spanish colonists. Quesadillas, for example, are a flour or corn tortilla with cheese (often a Mexican-style soft farmer's cheese such as Queso Fresco), beef, chicken, pork, and so on. The indigenous part of this and many other traditional foods is the chili pepper. Foods like these tend to be very colorful because of the rich variety of vegetables (among them are the chili peppers, green peppers, chilis, broccoli, cauliflower, and radishes) and meats in Mexican food. The French occupation of Mexico influenced Mexican cuisine with baked goods such as sweet breads and the bolillo (pronounced bo-lee-yo), a Mexican take on the French roll. There is also a minor Filipino influence due to the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade, which lasted from 1565 to 1815.

There are also more exotic dishes, cooked in the Aztec or Mayan style, with ingredients ranging from iguana to rattlesnake, deer, spider monkey, and even some kinds of insects. This is usually known as comida prehispánica (or prehispanic food).


[edit] Common dishes found on a national level
Foods that are part of the Mexican culinary tradition include:

Common appetizers and side dishes found in Mexican cuisine
Common main course dishes found in Mexican cuisine
Common drinks found in Mexican cuisine
Common desserts and sweets found in Mexican cuisine

[edit] Regional cuisine
Mexican food varies by region, because of local climate and geography and ethnic differences among the indigenous inhabitants and because these different populations were influenced by the Spaniards in varying degrees. The north of Mexico is known for its beef production and meat dishes. Southeastern Mexico, on the other hand, is known for its spicy vegetable and chicken-based dishes. Seafood is commonly prepared in the states that border the Pacific Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico.


[edit] Mexican cuisine outside of Mexico
A distinction must be made between truly authentic Mexican food, and "Tex Mex" (Texan-Mexican) cuisine. Mexican cuisine combines with the cuisine of the southwest United States (which itself has a number of Mexican influences) to form Cal-Mex and Tex-Mex cuisine. Another style of cuisine that is commonly mistaken for Mexican food is New Mexican cuisine, which is found in New Mexico, USA.

While Mexican Restaurants can be found in almost any town throughout the United States, few use "authentic" or "traditional" techniques and ingredients. Some states, such as Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and parts of California and Florida, have high Mexican/Hispanic populations; many authentic Mexican Restaurants can be found in these parts of the country

The culture of Mexico reflects the complexity of Mexico's history through the blending of pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican civilizations and the culture of Spain, imported during the Spanish colonization of Mexico, which lasted for more than three centuries.

Contents [hide]
1 Way of life
1.1 Religion
1.2 Art
1.3 Literature
1.4 Music
1.5 National holidays
1.6 Cuisine
1.7 Sport
2 See also
3 References
4 External links



[edit] Way of life
The way of life in Mexico includes many features from the nation's long Amerindian past and the Spanish colonial period. The people of Mexico take great pride of their country, culture, ethnicity, lifestyle and economic independence. Mexican culture also exhibits strong family ties, respect, hard working and socializing together in the community.

Mexico has changed rapidly during the 20th century. In many ways, contemporary business life in its largest cities has become similar to that in neighbouring United States and Europe. Most Mexican villagers follow the older way of life more than the city people do. About three-fourths of the people of Mexico live in cities and towns. Large populated urban areas include Mexico City, Netzahualcóyotl, Estado de México, Baja California, Guadalajara, Jalisco and Monterrey, Nuevo León, while rural areas include Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Yucatán and many more.


[edit] Religion

An image of Our Lady of Guadalupe, patron saint of Mexico.The Spanish arrival and colonization brought Roman Catholicism to the country and became the main religion of Mexico. Today, 95% belong to the Catholic faith, making the country as the second largest Catholic nation in the world, after Brazil. [1] Other protestant religions include Evangelical, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and Jehovah's Witnesses.

In the southern areas of the country, which are predominantly of indigenous populations, traditional Amerindian religions are practiced and has been incorporated into the Spanish Catholic faith.


[edit] Art

A photograph of a 1954 stone carved mural at the ITESM in Monterrey, Mexico, portraying a battle between the mythological gods Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca.Mexico is known worldwide for its folk art traditions, mostly derived from a combination of the indigenous and Spanish crafts. Particularly notable among handicrafts are the clay pottery made in the valley of Oaxaca and the bird and animal figures made in the village of Tonalá. Colorfully embroidered cotton garments, cotton or wool shawls and outer garments, and colorful baskets and rugs are seen everywhere. Between the Spanish conquest and the early Twentieth Century, Mexican fine arts were largely in imitation of European traditions. After the Mexican Revolution, a new generation of Mexican artists led a vibrant national movement that incorporated political, historic, and folk themes in their work. The painters Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros became world famous for their grand scale murals, often displaying clear social messages. Rufino Tamayo and Frida Kahlo produced more personal works with abstract elements. Mexican art photography was largely fostered by the work of Manuel Álvarez Bravo.


[edit] Literature
Main article: Mexican literature
The literature of Mexico originated from the concepts of the Amerindian and Spanish settlements of Mesoamerica. Outstanding colonial writers and poets include Juan Ruiz de Alarcón and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz.


[edit] Music

Indigenous Aztec dancers in Mexico City.The foundation of the music of Mexico comes from its indigenous sounds and heritage. The original inhabitants of the land, used drums, flutes, gourd rattles, sea shells and voices to make music and dances. This ancient music is still played in some parts of Mexico. However, much of the traditional contemporary music of Mexico were written during the Spanish colonial period. Folk songs called corridos have been popular in the country, since the 16th century. It may tell the story about the Mexican Revolution, Pride, Mestizo, Romance, Poverty, Politics and Crime issues.

Today, popular musical groups known as Mariachis perform along streets, festivals and restaurants. A Mariachi group includes singers, guitar, trumpets, violin and marimba players. Folk dances are regarded to be one of the most important features of Mexican culture. The most significant of this dance tradition is the "Mexican hat dance", known as "Jarabe Tapatío". Traditional dancers perform a sequence of hopping steps, heel and toe tapping movements.


[edit] National holidays
Mexicans celebrate their independence day from Spain in September 15 and 16, and other holidays with colourful festivals known as "Fiestas". Every Mexican city, town and village holds a yearly festival to commemorate their local patron saints. During these festivities, the people pray and burn candles to honour their saints in churches decorated with flowers and colourful utensils. They also hold large parades, fireworks, dance competitions, beauty pageant contest, party and buy refreshments in the market places and public squares. In the smaller towns and villages, football, boxing, cockfighting and amateur bullfighting are also celebrated during the festivities.

Mexico also celebrates Carnaval (in February 3 to February 8), Semana Santa ("Easter", on March or April), Cinco de Mayo ("May 5", celebrated on May 5) and Día de los Muertos ("Day Of the Dead", celebrated on October 31 to November 2). Other festivities include Día de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe ("Guadalupe Day"), Las Posadas ("The Inns", celebrated on December 16 to December 24), Noche Buena ("Holy Night", celebrated on December 24), Navidad ("Christmas", celebrated on December 25) and Año Nuevo ("New Years Day", celebrated on December 31 to January 1). "Guadalupe Day" is regarded by many Mexicans as the most important religious holiday of their country. It honours the Virgin of Guadalupe, the patron saint of Mexico, which is celebrated on December 12. In the last decade, all the celebrations happening from mid December to the beginning of January have been linked together in what has been called the Guadalupe-Reyes Marathon.


[edit] Cuisine
Main article: Mexican cuisine
Mexican cuisine is world-renowned for its blending of indigenous and European cultures. Popular dishes include maize, tortilla, tacos, enchiladas, frijoles, atole, tamales, and pozole. Traditionally the main Mexican ingredients consisted of chicken, pork, beef, potatoes, corn, tomatoes, peppers, chillis, onions, peanuts, avocados and guavas. Popular beverages include water flavoured with a variety of fruit juices, and cinnamon-flavoured hot chocolate prepared with milk or water and blended until it becomes frothed. Alcoholic beverages include mescal, pulque and tequila.


[edit] Sport
Main article: Sport in Mexico
The traditional national sports of Mexico are Bullfighting and Charreria. Football is also highly appreciated and is regarded to be the most popular contemporary recreation in the country. Most state has its own representative teams. Among the country's significant teams include Club América, Chivas de Guadalajara and Cruz Azul. Notable players include Hugo Sánchez, Claudio Suárez, Luis Hernández, Francisco Palencia, Cuauhtémoc Blanco, Jared Borgetti, Rafael Márquez, Pavel Pardo, Ramón Ramírez, Jorge Campos and Oswaldo Sánchez.

Mexico is also known for its strong boxing tradition, having produced world champions such as Julio César Chávez, Salvador Sánchez, Erik Morales, Marco Antonio Barrera, Juan Manuel Márquez and Jesús Chávez. Other popular leisure activities include lucha libre (Mexican professional wrestling), baseball, fishing, scuba diving, Jai alai, cockfighting, and basketball.

The country also hosted the summer Olympic Games in 1968 and the FIFA World Cup in 1970 and 1986.

So Mike I thought we were posting your article in ALL the threads or were your PM'd instructions d just to post it whenever I post?

I like this game I hope you don't mind me playing along, I posted in the Spanish thread to help you out. I'd hate for your masters to be upset with you

i dont mind at all man , or bcoz you'r a white male from chicago and you hate your son and your self aswell ? it doesn't bother me at all go ahead man

Wrong . . . . they lied to you. They have no lives, they wish to be a part of mine but since I don't play along with their pre-school games they've decided to make it up as they go along.

See you later Mikey.

they didnt lie to mr. i talked to one of your good little friends on your little website and he told me your story and he told me about your mental problim and how much do u hate your son and your self, believe me no one wants to be a part of you bcz you'r just sick in your head and how can you hate your son? ha man? how? thats really bad i feel bad for you and for your child , go ahead and conact a doctor as soon as possible man and i wish if u get better soon

INGREDIENTS
2 tablespoons vegetable oil
1 cup uncooked white rice
1 onion, chopped
1/2 green bell pepper, chopped
2 cups water
1 (10 ounce) can diced tomatoes and green chiles
2 teaspoons chili powder, or to taste
1 teaspoon salt


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DIRECTIONS
Heat oil in a deep skillet over medium heat. Saute rice, onion, and bell pepper until rice is browned and onions are tender.
Stir in water and tomatoes. Season with chili powder and salt. Cover, and simmer for 30 minutes, or until rice is cooked and liquid is absorbed.

This article is about the Mexican musical genre and ensemble. For the apparatus for the detection of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, see MARIACHI.
For the 1992 film, see El Mariachi.
Mariachi

Stylistic origins: Son Jaliscense
Cultural origins: 18th century Jalisco
Typical instruments: Violin, guitarrón, guitarra de golpe, vihuela, guitar, trumpet, and occasionally a harp
Mainstream popularity: Popularity of this Mexican genre has grown much. Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico hosts an annual Mariachi festival every September, which draws Mariachis from throughout the world.
Subgenres
Ranchera, Traditional,
Fusion genres
Nortec
Other topics
Charro - Jarabe tapatío(also the name of a song) - Zapateado - Son Huasteco - Huapango
Mariachi is a type of musical group, originally from Cocula, Jalisco, Mexico. Usually a mariachi consists of at least two violins, two trumpets, one Mexican guitar, one vihuela (a high-pitched, five-string guitar) and one guitarrón (a small-scaled acoustic bass). They dress in silver studded charro outfits with wide-brimmed hats. The original Mariachi were Mexican street musicians or buskers.[1] Many mariachis are professional entertainers doing paid gigs in the mainstream entertainment industry. Professionals are normally skilled at more than one instrument, and they also sing. They sometimes accompany ranchera singers such as Vicente Fernandez. Although ranchera singers dress in a traje de charro, they are not mariachis.

Although mariachis are hired to play at events such as weddings and other formal occasions, such as a quinceañera (fifteenth birthday celebration for girls), they are very often used to serenade women because many of the songs in a typical repertoire have as a theme the desire to touch the heart of the opposite ***. Some of the songs are sad; others are about how much that special someone appreciates your company. Trios of mariachis can be found for hire in different places at night (the best known venues are Plaza de los Mariachis in Guadalajara and Plaza Garibaldi in Mexico City) for the purposes of serenading. Mother's days are also another popular occasion for mariachis.

Tourists frequently confuse mariachis with all types of buskers seen in Mexico, such as jarochos. Mariachi refers to musicians who dress and play in a style typical of the Mexican state of Jalisco, although the style and music played has spread far beyond the limits of Jalisco and jalisciense music itself. Generally a guitarrón and a vihuela must be included for a group to be considered a mariachi.

Contents [hide]
1 Origins
1.1 Etymology
2 History
3 Music
3.1 Technique
4 Attire
5 Instrumentation
6 Venue
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links



[edit] Origins

A group of mariachi at the Guadalajara festival.Mariachi music as we know it today results from the confluence of several different influences: European styled concert ensembles on haciendas composed of violins, harp, guitars, jawharps and other instruments, simpler coastal folk ensembles whose African influence gives mariachi some of its key rhythmic elements, and the harp and violin ensembles of the tierra caliente.[2] It originated in the Mexican state of Jalisco, according to popular legend in the town of Cocula, in the 19th century, the first example cited in print dates from 1880. [3] By the end of the nineteenth century, the vihuela, two violins, and the guitarrón which had replaced the harp, were the instruments of the mariachi(s). Trumpets, now a key part of the mariachi sound were introduced later, during the early days of broadcast radio.


[edit] Etymology
Musicologists and folklorists have argued for years over the origin of mariachi.

Standard Spanish dictionaries and encyclopedias name the French word mariage (meaning wedding or marriage) as a possible origin, and date it back to the 1860s, when Maximillian of Habsburg was Emperor of Mexico. This theory was probably first put forward by Alfonso Reyes.

Another probable theory of the origin of the word mariachi is that it originated in the language of the Cora, an indigenous people of Nayarit (not Jalisco where the band originated). It may refer to the wood used to make the instruments, but this explanation has yet to be proven linguistically.The music is a very romantic kind of music. [4]


[edit] History
In the 19th century, many Mariachi were roaming laborers moving from one hacienda to another, often more than the average laborer. With the revolution, however, many of the haciendas were forced to dismiss the mariachi, who then wandered from town to town singing songs (corridos) of revolutionary heroes and enemies, and carrying news from one place to another. The Mariachi took to playing in public venues for tips. One of the most popular of these venues was San Pedro Tlaquepaque in the state of Jalisco, a fashionable place for the residents of Guadalajara to spend the summer.

From the beginning, mariachi music was dance music. The traditional dance technique associated with both the son jalisciense and son jarocho is the zapateado. When dancing the zapateado, which originated in Spain, the performers drive the heels of their boots into the dance-floor, pounding out swift, often syncopated rhythms which complement that of the musical instruments. Another typical mariachi dance, the Jarabe tapatío or Mexican Hat Dance, from Guadalajara in the state of Jalisco, has become the national dance of Mexico. It is highly stylized, with prescribed movements and costumes. The male wears the classic outfit of the Jalisco horsemen, similar to the outfit of a cowboy, or charro, while the female wears a hand-woven shawl and a bright sequined skirt.

Until the 1930s, Mariachis were semi-professional and almost entirely unknown outside their own region. This began to change when Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán, founded by Gaspar Vargas in 1898, went from Jalisco to Mexico City. President Lázaro Cárdenas invited them to play at his inauguration in 1934, and later to accompany him in his campaign in 1936.

Silvestre Vargas, who had taken over from his father as leader of the Mariachi Vargas in 1928, soon hired a trained musician, Rubén Fuentes, as musical director. Together, Vargas and Fuentes standardized musical arrangements for many of the popular sones and insisted on the use of written music, which greatly facilitated the exchange among different mariachi bands. Their arrangements were used by the great singers of their time, including Pedro Infante, Lola Beltran, Jorge Negrete, Javier Solís and José Alfredo Jiménez. Influenced by j*** and Cuban music in the 1950s, they introduced the trumpet into the standard ensemble, which now included six to eight violins, a guitarrón, a vihuela, a guitar, two trumpets, and occasionally a harp as well. Trumpets were also introduced to mariachi music to accommodate the technical limitations of music recording equipment available for the cinema. However, nowadays trumpets have become an essential part of the signature mariachi sound, as exemplified by the opening notes of "El Son de la Negra."

Aided by the advent of radio, television, and the movies, mariachi music went on to become a definitive part of Mexican culture, and the Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán appeared in over 200 films in the 1940s and 1950s, often considered the Golden Age of Mexican cinema.

Prior to the 1930s, photographs show early mariachis dressed in calzones de manta, and huaraches, homespun white cotton pants and shirts and leather sandals, the clothes worn by most peasants in Jalisco. During the 1930s, however, many mariachi took to wearing the traje de charro, consisting of a waist-length jacket and tightly fitted wool pants which open slightly at the ankle to fit over a short riding boot. Both pants and jacket are often ornamented with embroidery, intricately cut leather designs, or silver buttons in a variety of shapes. This outfit is often complemented by a large bow-tie, a wide belt and a large sombrero. It is said that General Porfirio Díaz ordered a mariachi band to wear charro suits while playing for the United States Secretary of State. If true, this may be the source of traditional dress for mariachi bands.

The mariachi tradition was further extended to a widespread mainstream audience in the United States when popular American folk rock singer Linda Ronstadt realized her dream of making a record of Mexican Canciones in 1987. Ronstadt came from a leading Arizona ranch family who had a long tradition of making and singing Mexican folk music. In 1987, her Canciones De Mi Padre disc was a surprise smash hit with the American public and brought Mariachi music to a level of recognition and credibility it had not seen before north of the border. The al*** went on to multi-platinum status, becoming at the time the biggest selling non-English language disc in United States history. It also spawned a successful videocassette of Linda's elaborate stage show which was later released on DVD. Ronstadt went on to record a sequel titled "Mas Canciones."

The mariachi tradition has been extensively influenced from Mexico to the United States, Argentina and to other countries, particularly Colombia. Colombian music is highly influenced by popular Mexican mariachi traditions.[citation needed]

The American composer Jeff Nevin has composed a Concerto for Mariachi and Orchestra, which was premiered by the La Jolla Symphony.


[edit] Music

Luis Miguel.The contemporary mariachi ensemble plays a wide range of music: sones jalisciences, rancheras, corridos, sones jarocho, sones istmeños, huapangos (or sones huastecos), boleros, canciones, jarabes, danzónes, valses, pasos dobles and recently cumbias and other modern rhythms.

Mariachi music gets its characteristic sound from the various Jalisco sons (sones jaliscienses) that formed the basis of the early ensembles repertoire. There are two principal catgories of son in Jalisco: those from the South (sones del sur) and those from the North (sones alteñeos). The sones in the South were influenced by African music brought to the coastal regions by slaves who worked sugar plantations there during colonial times, and by the folk traditions of the high plateaus of the tirra caliente. The sones in the North were influenced by the criollo ensembles popular on haciendas. The mixture of the rhythmic complexity of music from the south and the clog-dance driven structure of the music from the north came together to form a village son jalisciense in the larger towns of central Jalisco, and from that the mariachi sound emerged.[5]


[edit] Technique
Traditional mariachi music is made up of a combination of song-specific melodies and common tropes (introductions, bridges, and codas). The presence of the tropes allows for an ensemble to play a piece without everyone in the ensemble needing to know it well. Much of the ensemble can play basic obligato parts for much of any given piece and still demonstrate virtuosity in the trope figures.

Mariachi violin music is typically played in fixed positions, and the positions are generally limited to I and III. Most mariachi pieces are made up of collections of smaller pieces, and with respect to the violin, it's common to include some in the first and some in the fifth position. For example in the famous Jarabe Tapatío, the first two sections are in first position, followed by two section in third with a short bridge in first, after which the piece finishes in first. The nearly exclusive use of these two relatively stable positions facilitates playing together in tune.[6]


[edit] Attire

Mariachis play the vihuela and the guitar.The musicians' background was from working-class and rural towns, so the first Mariachis dressed in a peasants attire, which included large straw sombreros with a chin strap, a hat band, red sarape or black wool blanket over the shoulder, long straight-cut muslin pants, a cotton shirt of the same material called manta, a red sash around the waist, and simple huaraches (sandals). The black wool blanket and the red sash are the only added item.[7] The traje de charro evokes gentleman landowners and talented cowboys (charros) of the time of Maximillian's rule.


[edit] Instrumentation
Current mariachi instrumentation includes a guitarrón, a vihuela, a guitar, violins, and trumpets. Some groups might use a guitarra de golpe, a mariachi harp or even a flute. From the 70's some singers have occasionally added other instruments as accordion, organ, keyboard, harmonica, saxophone and even drums, although they were considered additions, never part of the mariachi instrumentation itself. During the last years ranchera singers as Alejandro Fernandez, Pablo Montero and Pepe Aguilar have made fusions of mariachi with orchestra and drums/percussions giving birth to a mariachi/pop ballads crossover style.


[edit] Venue
The Mariachi music became the symbol of the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) because it represented the Mexican's national spirit or the Spanish-indigenous blood of Mexican ethnicity. The Mariachi has different forms of music such as son, cancion ranchera, bolero ranchero, huapango and polka.[8] As well, Mariachi is poetic using the copla and seguidilla forms.[8] Mariachi music is played for serenades, baptism, birthdays, quinceañeras, weddings, Mother's Days, funerals, conventions, store openings, company parties, civic celebrations, political campaigns, Mass, or in restaurants, bars, theaters, radio and television shows.[9] This music is so anchored in Mexico's history that it is found in all types of celebration. Over time, this popularity has divided Mariachi music into two types: the authentic folk mariachi which consists of only string instruments and the commercial urban Mariachi which has changed the original music the mariachis played.[10] The music was at first introduced by men, today the women mariachis have been on the rise. This came with the popularity of Mariachi music among the Mexican community living in the United States which allowed women to be part of this cultural phenomenon.[11] Still, the presence of women in Mariachi bands within Mexico's borders remains scarce

Sonora is one of the 31 federal states of Mexico and is located in the northwest of the country. Its name comes from the Opata Xunuta, meaning "place of corn". It borders the state of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south and Baja California to the northwest; to the north it shares an extensive border with the U.S. state of Arizona and a shorter one with New Mexico. To its west lies the Gulf of California. The state is the second largest state by area in the country, occupying 9.2% of the total area of the nation.

The territory consists of four physiographic regions: The Sierra Madre Occidental, Parallel Mountains and Valleys, the Desert, and the Coast of the Gulf of California.

Contents [hide]
1 General
2 Population
3 Government
4 Institutions of higher education
5 Political divisions
6 Geography
7 Economy
8 Tourism
9 People
10 External links



[edit] General
The state of Sonora is situated in the northwest of Mexico, in North America. Its shores are washed by the Sea of Cortez in the Gulf of California, which is connected to the Pacific Ocean further south. Sonora is thus linked to the so-called "Pacific Rim" that offers ample opportunities for economic development, as well as many challenges and opportunities for sustainable use of its natural resources. Its borders with the U.S. states of Arizona, New Mexico, and California allow multiple economic, cultural and political ties with the United States.

Three Mexican states share land borders with Sonora: Baja California to the west, Chihuahua to the east, and Sinaloa to the south, while the state of Baja California Sur shares maritime boundaries with Sonora.

Sonora is located in a climactic strip in the northern hemisphere which has formed various deserts around the globe. The state is located at the same latitude as the deserts of North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and more.

An extensive network of roads, the backbone of which is a four-lane highway that crosses the state from south to north, joins Sonora with the rest of Mexico and with the United States of America.

The state is the second largest in the country, representing 9.2% of the nation's total with an area of 184,934 km². Sonora's border with the United States is 588.199 km long, which for the most part is with Arizona (568 km), and the rest with the state of New Mexico (20 km). The border with the state of Chihuahua is 592 km, and that with Sinaloa is 117 km.

The Sonoran coastline is 1,207.810 km, together with its borders with surrounding states, it gives the total perimeter of the state as 2,505 km.


[edit] Population
In 2000, the state of Sonora had 2,839,969 inhabitants, of whom 50.1% were men and 49.9% were women, representing 2.3% of the national total. Population growth has been steady, with a population increase of 703,238 persons between 1980 and 2000. As of 2000, there were 271,277 children under 5 years of age, 474,481 children aged between 5 and 14 years, 422,588 between 15 and 24 years 740,930 between 25 and 49 years, and 307,693 adults 50 years and older.

According to the last official national census that counted the racial component (1921), it was observed that 45.84% of the population was white, 40.38% was mestizo, and 13.78% was indigenous. These amounts have been changing due to the influx of indigenous and mestizo populations from the south.

The most populous cities in Sonora are:

Hermosillo 707,890
Ciudad Obregón 375,800
Nogales 290,759
Guaymas 101,505 (not counting Empalme)
Navojoa 163,312
San Luis Río Colorado 138,796

[edit] Government
The government of the State of Sonora is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial.

The executive branch consists of a Governor elected by direct vote every six years without the possibility of re-election. The current Governor for the period 2003-2009 is José Eduardo Robinson-Bours castelo of the PRI and PVEM.

The legislative branch consists of a unicameral legislature composed of 21 deputies elected directly and 12 deputies elected by proportional representation for a period of three years with no possibility of re-election.

The judicial branch of the state of Sonora is composed of seven judges. Currently Lic. Max Gutiérrez Cohen is the President of the Supreme Court of Justice of the State.


[edit] Institutions of higher education
The main institution of higher education is the University of Sonora (UNISON), whose main campus is located in Hermosillo, with satellite campuses in Navojoa, Caborca, Santa Ana, and Nogales. UNISON is currently one of the biggest public institutions of higher education in Mexico.

Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON)
Instituto Tecnológico de Hermosillo (ITH)
Centro de Estudios Superiores del Estado de Sonora (CESUES)
Instituto Tecnológico de Nogales (ITN)
Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Cajeme (ITESCA)
Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Cananea (ITESCAN)
Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Puerto Peñasco (ITSPP)
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM-COB)
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM-CSN)
Universidad de Sonora (UNISON)
Universidad del Valle de México (UVM), formerly Universidad del Noroeste (UNO)
Universidad Kino
Universidad La Salle Noroeste (ULSA)
Universidad de Navojoa (UNAV)
Universidad TecMilenio

[edit] Political divisions

Municipalities of the State of SonoraMain article: Municipalities of Sonora
Sonora is subdivided into 72 municipalities (Spanish: municipios), each headed by a municipal president.


[edit] Geography

Valley of Sonora
[edit] Economy
Sonora's main economic activities are livestock farming, mining, fishing and agriculture.

Mining centers include Cananea, Nacozari, Tubutama, Yécora and Álamos where gold, silver or copper are found.


[edit] Tourism
Sonora is a premier tourist destination, especially for visitors from neighboring Arizona.

Recently, Sonora has experienced a boom in tourism, especially in the city of Puerto Peñasco, due to its being the nearest beach to many population centers in Arizona.


[edit] People
Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta
Abelardo L. Rodríguez
Álvaro Obregón
Plutarco Elías Calles
Adolfo de la Huerta
Manlio Fabio Beltrones
Silvia Pinal
Ramón Corral
Jesús García Corona "Héroe de Nacozari"
José María Leyva "El Indio Cajeme"
Ana Gabriela Guevara
Julio César Chávez
María Félix
Félix María Zuloaga

Sonora is one of the 31 federal states of Mexico and is located in the northwest of the country. Its name comes from the Opata Xunuta, meaning "place of corn". It borders the state of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south and Baja California to the northwest; to the north it shares an extensive border with the U.S. state of Arizona and a shorter one with New Mexico. To its west lies the Gulf of California. The state is the second largest state by area in the country, occupying 9.2% of the total area of the nation.

The territory consists of four physiographic regions: The Sierra Madre Occidental, Parallel Mountains and Valleys, the Desert, and the Coast of the Gulf of California.

Contents [hide]
1 General
2 Population
3 Government
4 Institutions of higher education
5 Political divisions
6 Geography
7 Economy
8 Tourism
9 People
10 External links



[edit] General
The state of Sonora is situated in the northwest of Mexico, in North America. Its shores are washed by the Sea of Cortez in the Gulf of California, which is connected to the Pacific Ocean further south. Sonora is thus linked to the so-called "Pacific Rim" that offers ample opportunities for economic development, as well as many challenges and opportunities for sustainable use of its natural resources. Its borders with the U.S. states of Arizona, New Mexico, and California allow multiple economic, cultural and political ties with the United States.

Three Mexican states share land borders with Sonora: Baja California to the west, Chihuahua to the east, and Sinaloa to the south, while the state of Baja California Sur shares maritime boundaries with Sonora.

Sonora is located in a climactic strip in the northern hemisphere which has formed various deserts around the globe. The state is located at the same latitude as the deserts of North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and more.

An extensive network of roads, the backbone of which is a four-lane highway that crosses the state from south to north, joins Sonora with the rest of Mexico and with the United States of America.

The state is the second largest in the country, representing 9.2% of the nation's total with an area of 184,934 km². Sonora's border with the United States is 588.199 km long, which for the most part is with Arizona (568 km), and the rest with the state of New Mexico (20 km). The border with the state of Chihuahua is 592 km, and that with Sinaloa is 117 km.

The Sonoran coastline is 1,207.810 km, together with its borders with surrounding states, it gives the total perimeter of the state as 2,505 km.


[edit] Population
In 2000, the state of Sonora had 2,839,969 inhabitants, of whom 50.1% were men and 49.9% were women, representing 2.3% of the national total. Population growth has been steady, with a population increase of 703,238 persons between 1980 and 2000. As of 2000, there were 271,277 children under 5 years of age, 474,481 children aged between 5 and 14 years, 422,588 between 15 and 24 years 740,930 between 25 and 49 years, and 307,693 adults 50 years and older.

According to the last official national census that counted the racial component (1921), it was observed that 45.84% of the population was white, 40.38% was mestizo, and 13.78% was indigenous. These amounts have been changing due to the influx of indigenous and mestizo populations from the south.

The most populous cities in Sonora are:

Hermosillo 707,890
Ciudad Obregón 375,800
Nogales 290,759
Guaymas 101,505 (not counting Empalme)
Navojoa 163,312
San Luis Río Colorado 138,796

[edit] Government
The government of the State of Sonora is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial.

The executive branch consists of a Governor elected by direct vote every six years without the possibility of re-election. The current Governor for the period 2003-2009 is José Eduardo Robinson-Bours castelo of the PRI and PVEM.

The legislative branch consists of a unicameral legislature composed of 21 deputies elected directly and 12 deputies elected by proportional representation for a period of three years with no possibility of re-election.

The judicial branch of the state of Sonora is composed of seven judges. Currently Lic. Max Gutiérrez Cohen is the President of the Supreme Court of Justice of the State.


[edit] Institutions of higher education
The main institution of higher education is the University of Sonora (UNISON), whose main campus is located in Hermosillo, with satellite campuses in Navojoa, Caborca, Santa Ana, and Nogales. UNISON is currently one of the biggest public institutions of higher education in Mexico.

Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON)
Instituto Tecnológico de Hermosillo (ITH)
Centro de Estudios Superiores del Estado de Sonora (CESUES)
Instituto Tecnológico de Nogales (ITN)
Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Cajeme (ITESCA)
Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Cananea (ITESCAN)
Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Puerto Peñasco (ITSPP)
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM-COB)
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM-CSN)
Universidad de Sonora (UNISON)
Universidad del Valle de México (UVM), formerly Universidad del Noroeste (UNO)
Universidad Kino
Universidad La Salle Noroeste (ULSA)
Universidad de Navojoa (UNAV)
Universidad TecMilenio

[edit] Political divisions

Municipalities of the State of SonoraMain article: Municipalities of Sonora
Sonora is subdivided into 72 municipalities (Spanish: municipios), each headed by a municipal president.


[edit] Geography

Valley of Sonora
[edit] Economy
Sonora's main economic activities are livestock farming, mining, fishing and agriculture.

Mining centers include Cananea, Nacozari, Tubutama, Y�